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TOOLS / FLUID POWER

CYLINDER FORCE CALCULATOR

Determine precise extend and retract forces for hydraulic cylinders given bore size, rod diameter, and operating pressure.

Rod must be smaller than bore.

OUTPUT FORCES

EXTEND FORCE (BLIND END)
Tons (US)
RETRACT FORCE (ROD END)

Formula Assumptions

This calculator determines theoretical force based on Pascal's law (F = P × A). It assumes 100% mechanical efficiency.

In reality, internal seal friction and mechanical binding typically reduce output force by 5% to 10%. When sizing cylinders for industrial applications (like Hydraulic Presses), always apply a 0.90 efficiency factor to your required force.

Annular Area (Rod End)

Retract force is always lower than extend force because the cylinder rod occupies volume, reducing the effective surface area that the pressurized fluid can act against. In regenerative hydraulic circuits, this differential area is manipulated to increase rapid-extend speeds.

Safety Warning

Exceeding rated cylinder pressure can result in barrel expansion, seal extrusion, or catastrophic failure. Never bypass relief valves to achieve higher force.